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KoD 0.6

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-Nuova ricerca globale
-migliorie prestazionali in generale
-fix vari ai server
This commit is contained in:
marco
2019-12-20 22:32:38 +01:00
parent c2c0ccf525
commit f4e9f29f40
192 changed files with 5763 additions and 48666 deletions
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lib/urllib3/connectionpool.py
+300 -154
View File
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ from .packages.six.moves import queue
from .connection import (
port_by_scheme,
DummyConnection,
HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
HTTPException, BaseSSLError,
HTTPConnection,
HTTPSConnection,
VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
HTTPException,
BaseSSLError,
)
from .request import RequestMethods
from .response import HTTPResponse
@@ -40,13 +43,16 @@ from .util.request import set_file_position
from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.timeout import Timeout
from .util.url import get_host, Url
from .util.url import (
get_host,
parse_url,
Url,
_normalize_host as normalize_host,
_encode_target,
)
from .util.queue import LifoQueue
if six.PY2:
# Queue is imported for side effects on MS Windows
import Queue as _unused_module_Queue # noqa: F401
xrange = six.moves.xrange
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -62,19 +68,18 @@ class ConnectionPool(object):
"""
scheme = None
QueueCls = queue.LifoQueue
QueueCls = LifoQueue
def __init__(self, host, port=None):
if not host:
raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
self.host = _ipv6_host(host).lower()
self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
self._proxy_host = host.lower()
self.port = port
def __str__(self):
return '%s(host=%r, port=%r)' % (type(self).__name__,
self.host, self.port)
return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)
def __enter__(self):
return self
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ class ConnectionPool(object):
# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
_blocking_errnos = set([errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK])
_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}
class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
@@ -155,15 +160,24 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
:class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
"""
scheme = 'http'
scheme = "http"
ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
ResponseCls = HTTPResponse
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=False,
timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, maxsize=1, block=False,
headers=None, retries=None,
_proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None,
**conn_kw):
def __init__(
self,
host,
port=None,
strict=False,
timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
maxsize=1,
block=False,
headers=None,
retries=None,
_proxy=None,
_proxy_headers=None,
**conn_kw
):
ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
@@ -197,19 +211,27 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
# Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
# We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
# list.
self.conn_kw.setdefault('socket_options', [])
self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])
def _new_conn(self):
"""
Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.debug("Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s",
self.num_connections, self.host)
log.debug(
"Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
self.num_connections,
self.host,
self.port or "80",
)
conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=self.host, port=self.port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
strict=self.strict, **self.conn_kw)
conn = self.ConnectionCls(
host=self.host,
port=self.port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
strict=self.strict,
**self.conn_kw
)
return conn
def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
@@ -233,16 +255,17 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
except queue.Empty:
if self.block:
raise EmptyPoolError(self,
"Pool reached maximum size and no more "
"connections are allowed.")
raise EmptyPoolError(
self,
"Pool reached maximum size and no more " "connections are allowed.",
)
pass # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
# If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
conn.close()
if getattr(conn, 'auto_open', 1) == 0:
if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
# This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
# httplib._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
# attempt to bypass the proxy)
@@ -272,9 +295,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
pass
except queue.Full:
# This should never happen if self.block == True
log.warning(
"Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s",
self.host)
log.warning("Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s", self.host)
# Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
if conn:
@@ -306,21 +327,30 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
"""Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""
if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
)
# See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
# to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
if hasattr(err, 'errno') and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
)
# Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
# case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
# http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
if 'timed out' in str(err) or 'did not complete (read)' in str(err): # Python 2.6
raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
err
): # Python < 2.7.4
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
)
def _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False,
**httplib_request_kw):
def _make_request(
self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
):
"""
Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
pool.
@@ -360,7 +390,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
# App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
if getattr(conn, 'sock', None):
if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
# In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
# try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
# instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
@@ -368,7 +398,8 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
# timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
if read_timeout == 0:
raise ReadTimeoutError(
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout)
self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
)
if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
else: # None or a value
@@ -376,31 +407,45 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
# Receive the response from the server
try:
try: # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
try:
# Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
except TypeError: # Python 2.6 and older, Python 3
except TypeError:
# Python 3
try:
httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
except Exception as e:
# Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in Python 3;
# otherwise it looks like a programming error was the cause.
except BaseException as e:
# Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
# Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
# Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
six.raise_from(e, None)
except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
raise
# AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
http_version = getattr(conn, '_http_vsn_str', 'HTTP/?')
log.debug("%s://%s:%s \"%s %s %s\" %s %s", self.scheme, self.host, self.port,
method, url, http_version, httplib_response.status,
httplib_response.length)
http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
log.debug(
'%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
self.scheme,
self.host,
self.port,
method,
url,
http_version,
httplib_response.status,
httplib_response.length,
)
try:
assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe: # Platform-specific: Python 3
log.warning(
'Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s',
self._absolute_url(url), hpe, exc_info=True)
"Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
self._absolute_url(url),
hpe,
exc_info=True,
)
return httplib_response
@@ -411,6 +456,8 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
"""
Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
"""
if self.pool is None:
return
# Disable access to the pool
old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
@@ -428,13 +475,13 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
connection pool.
"""
if url.startswith('/'):
if url.startswith("/"):
return True
# TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
host = _ipv6_host(host).lower()
if host is not None:
host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)
# Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
if self.port and not port:
@@ -444,10 +491,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None,
redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False,
body_pos=None, **response_kw):
def urlopen(
self,
method,
url,
body=None,
headers=None,
retries=None,
redirect=True,
assert_same_host=True,
timeout=_Default,
pool_timeout=None,
release_conn=None,
chunked=False,
body_pos=None,
**response_kw
):
"""
Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
@@ -545,12 +604,18 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
if release_conn is None:
release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)
# Check host
if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
# Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
if url.startswith("/"):
url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
else:
url = six.ensure_str(parse_url(url).url)
conn = None
# Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
@@ -567,7 +632,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
# Merge the proxy headers. Only do this in HTTP. We have to copy the
# headers dict so we can safely change it without those changes being
# reflected in anyone else's copy.
if self.scheme == 'http':
if self.scheme == "http":
headers = headers.copy()
headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
@@ -590,15 +655,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(conn, 'sock', None)
is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
conn, "sock", None
)
if is_new_proxy_conn:
self._prepare_proxy(conn)
# Make the request on the httplib connection object.
httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
timeout=timeout_obj,
body=body, headers=headers,
chunked=chunked)
httplib_response = self._make_request(
conn,
method,
url,
timeout=timeout_obj,
body=body,
headers=headers,
chunked=chunked,
)
# If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
# the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
@@ -607,14 +679,16 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
# Pass method to Response for length checking
response_kw['request_method'] = method
response_kw["request_method"] = method
# Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(httplib_response,
pool=self,
connection=response_conn,
retries=retries,
**response_kw)
response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
httplib_response,
pool=self,
connection=response_conn,
retries=retries,
**response_kw
)
# Everything went great!
clean_exit = True
@@ -623,20 +697,28 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
# Timed out by queue.
raise EmptyPoolError(self, "No pool connections are available.")
except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError,
BaseSSLError, SSLError, CertificateError) as e:
except (
TimeoutError,
HTTPException,
SocketError,
ProtocolError,
BaseSSLError,
SSLError,
CertificateError,
) as e:
# Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
# replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
clean_exit = False
if isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
e = SSLError(e)
elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
e = ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', e)
e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
e = ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', e)
e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)
retries = retries.increment(method, url, error=e, _pool=self,
_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
retries = retries.increment(
method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
)
retries.sleep()
# Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
@@ -659,28 +741,47 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
if not conn:
# Try again
log.warning("Retrying (%r) after connection "
"broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url)
return self.urlopen(method, url, body, headers, retries,
redirect, assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, body_pos=body_pos,
**response_kw)
log.warning(
"Retrying (%r) after connection " "broken by '%r': %s",
retries,
err,
url,
)
return self.urlopen(
method,
url,
body,
headers,
retries,
redirect,
assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout,
pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn,
body_pos=body_pos,
**response_kw
)
def drain_and_release_conn(response):
try:
# discard any remaining response body, the connection will be
# released back to the pool once the entire response is read
response.read()
except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError,
BaseSSLError, SSLError) as e:
except (
TimeoutError,
HTTPException,
SocketError,
ProtocolError,
BaseSSLError,
SSLError,
):
pass
# Handle redirect?
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if redirect_location:
if response.status == 303:
method = 'GET'
method = "GET"
try:
retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
@@ -698,15 +799,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
return self.urlopen(
method, redirect_location, body, headers,
retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
method,
redirect_location,
body,
headers,
retries=retries,
redirect=redirect,
assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, body_pos=body_pos,
**response_kw)
timeout=timeout,
pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn,
body_pos=body_pos,
**response_kw
)
# Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
has_retry_after = bool(response.getheader('Retry-After'))
has_retry_after = bool(response.getheader("Retry-After"))
if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
try:
retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
@@ -724,12 +832,19 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
retries.sleep(response)
log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
return self.urlopen(
method, url, body, headers,
retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
method,
url,
body,
headers,
retries=retries,
redirect=redirect,
assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
timeout=timeout,
pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn,
body_pos=body_pos, **response_kw)
body_pos=body_pos,
**response_kw
)
return response
@@ -747,33 +862,57 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.
The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
``ca_cert_dir``, and ``ssl_version`` are only used if :mod:`ssl` is
available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
the connection socket into an SSL socket.
"""
scheme = 'https'
scheme = "https"
ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
def __init__(self, host, port=None,
strict=False, timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, maxsize=1,
block=False, headers=None, retries=None,
_proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None,
key_file=None, cert_file=None, cert_reqs=None,
ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None,
assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None,
ca_cert_dir=None, **conn_kw):
def __init__(
self,
host,
port=None,
strict=False,
timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
maxsize=1,
block=False,
headers=None,
retries=None,
_proxy=None,
_proxy_headers=None,
key_file=None,
cert_file=None,
cert_reqs=None,
key_password=None,
ca_certs=None,
ssl_version=None,
assert_hostname=None,
assert_fingerprint=None,
ca_cert_dir=None,
**conn_kw
):
HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port, strict, timeout, maxsize,
block, headers, retries, _proxy, _proxy_headers,
**conn_kw)
if ca_certs and cert_reqs is None:
cert_reqs = 'CERT_REQUIRED'
HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
self,
host,
port,
strict,
timeout,
maxsize,
block,
headers,
retries,
_proxy,
_proxy_headers,
**conn_kw
)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.key_password = key_password
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
self.ssl_version = ssl_version
@@ -787,13 +926,16 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
"""
if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
conn.set_cert(key_file=self.key_file,
cert_file=self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint)
conn.set_cert(
key_file=self.key_file,
key_password=self.key_password,
cert_file=self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
)
conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
return conn
@@ -802,17 +944,7 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
Establish tunnel connection early, because otherwise httplib
would improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
"""
# Python 2.7+
try:
set_tunnel = conn.set_tunnel
except AttributeError: # Platform-specific: Python 2.6
set_tunnel = conn._set_tunnel
if sys.version_info <= (2, 6, 4) and not self.proxy_headers: # Python 2.6.4 and older
set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port)
else:
set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
conn.connect()
def _new_conn(self):
@@ -820,12 +952,17 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
Return a fresh :class:`httplib.HTTPSConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.debug("Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s",
self.num_connections, self.host)
log.debug(
"Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
self.num_connections,
self.host,
self.port or "443",
)
if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
raise SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL "
"module is not available.")
raise SSLError(
"Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL " "module is not available."
)
actual_host = self.host
actual_port = self.port
@@ -833,9 +970,16 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
actual_host = self.proxy.host
actual_port = self.proxy.port
conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=actual_host, port=actual_port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
strict=self.strict, **self.conn_kw)
conn = self.ConnectionCls(
host=actual_host,
port=actual_port,
timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
strict=self.strict,
cert_file=self.cert_file,
key_file=self.key_file,
key_password=self.key_password,
**self.conn_kw
)
return self._prepare_conn(conn)
@@ -846,16 +990,19 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)
# Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
if not getattr(conn, 'sock', None): # AppEngine might not have `.sock`
if not getattr(conn, "sock", None): # AppEngine might not have `.sock`
conn.connect()
if not conn.is_verified:
warnings.warn((
'Unverified HTTPS request is being made. '
'Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: '
'https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html'
'#ssl-warnings'),
InsecureRequestWarning)
warnings.warn(
(
"Unverified HTTPS request is being made. "
"Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
"https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html"
"#ssl-warnings"
),
InsecureRequestWarning,
)
def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
@@ -880,26 +1027,25 @@ def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
"""
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
if scheme == 'https':
if scheme == "https":
return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
else:
return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
def _ipv6_host(host):
def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
"""
Process IPv6 address literals
Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
"""
host = normalize_host(host, scheme)
# httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
# Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
# httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
# Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
# However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
# *assert* that. See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
#
# Also if an IPv6 address literal has a zone identifier, the
# percent sign might be URIencoded, convert it back into ASCII
if host.startswith('[') and host.endswith(']'):
host = host.replace('%25', '%').strip('[]')
if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
host = host[1:-1]
return host